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Horizontal scaling.

also: scale out · scaling out · scale horizontally

Adding more machines and spreading the load across them, instead of making one machine bigger.

the two-minute refresher

Add servers behind a load balancer; capacity grows roughly linearly.
No hard ceiling, and one machine dying is no longer an outage.
Needs stateless services, and data sharding or replication for databases.
Costs complexity: distributed coordination, consistency and more moving parts.

Where the course teaches it

W00 · Part 6System Design Terminology & Theorylearn it →W10 · Day 4Capacity Planningrevisit →

Related concepts

Vertical scaling
Stateless service
Sharding
Load balancer